Thyroid gland diseases and their treatment

 Jannatul Ferdous, 23 years old. Married for three years. Husband, family was going well, but after marriage, every woman's desire is a child. Despite many efforts, he was crushed by hope. Sadness set in, along with the mother-in-law's regret, hurtful words. Jannat is upset all the time. Her sadness did not escape her husband's attention. When he tried to please his wife in various ways but failed, he turned to the doctor. Various tests revealed that she was suffering from a thyroid hormone disorder, which was hypothyroidism or lack of thyroid hormones. Then the treatment started. Meanwhile, the mother-in-law sat down, saying that the grandmother had been diagnosed with a hormonal disorder, which meant that she would not have any more children. The emotional abuse of the wife and the attempt to remarry the son came down. In this situation, you can certainly understand the mental state of heaven? There are thousands of such paradises spread around us, whose cries do not reach our ears. We often see this problem in doctor's chambers. To solve this, we need to know a few things about thyroid hormones. Conventionally, hormonal disease refers to many types of hormonal diseases, because there are several hormones in our body, among which thyroid hormone is one of them. In front of the windpipe in our throat is a butterfly-shaped gland known as the thyroid gland. These glands secrete hormones called thyroxine T4 and tri-iodothyronine T3, which play an important role in our metabolism as well as physical and mental growth. Thyroid hormone secretion is controlled by a hormone called TSH, which comes from the pituitary gland in the brain. The secretion of TSH by the pituitary gland is controlled by the TSH hormone secreted by the hypothalamus. So if there is a problem in any one of these three glands, thyroid hormone disorders can occur. But in most cases thyroid gland problem is responsible.

The most common diseases of the thyroid gland are hypothyroidism, which means the production of hormones is reduced compared to the body's needs. Hyperthyroidism – production of more hormones than needed. Thyroiditis – Inflammation of the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodule-gland tumor, which can be benign (Begin) or malignant (Malignant). Besides, for any reason, the thyroid gland can become enlarged, which we call goiter or goitre. In this case there may or may not be hormonal variation. One of the causes of thyroid gland diseases is when auto-immunity or the body's immune system works against itself, in addition, iodine deficiency or excess, inflammation of the gland, or some medications can also cause this disease.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism or hormone deficiency are fatigue or lethargy, weight gain, body aches, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, excessive sleepiness, depression, irregular menstruation and excessive bleeding in women, even Infertility can also happen, which we told at the beginning of the story. Many people get watery, feet can swell. If the baby's thyroid gland is absent during pregnancy, or is not well developed, or does not have the ability to produce hormones, then the baby may be born with hypothyroidism. In this disease, the physical and mental growth of the child is greatly hindered and the child is stunted. The sooner treatment can be initiated through early diagnosis, the better the outcome.

The opposite occurs in hyperthyroidism, where excess hormones are produced. An imbalance in the body's own immune system as well as a tumor in the gland can cause this disease. The symptoms of this disease are, in spite of eating properly, body weight decreases day by day, chest tightness, excessive sweating, weakness, panting with little exertion, heat intolerance, restlessness, frequent bowel movements, irregular menstruation and even infertility in women. . Many people have enlarged eyes that bulge slightly forward of the orbit, which can lead to serious complications such as red eyes, watery eyes, pain, and even difficulty seeing things, such as double vision. If the thyroid gland is inflamed, mild or moderate fever, sore throat and the symptoms of hormone excess mentioned above may occur. If there is a tumor, the size of the thyroid gland will increase. Tumors can be single or multiple. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can occur due to excess hormone secretion from the tumor. However, the hormone may be normal or even low in some cases. Blood tests to diagnose the disease, TSH and thyroid hormones FT3, FT4 are seen in the blood. Thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid scan are done to look for problems with the structure and function of the gland. Apart from this, the type and nature of the disease is determined by the presence of certain antibodies. If there is a tumor, it should be examined with a needle (FNAC), is it a good or bad tumor? It is good to say that most thyroid tumors are curable. But it must be checked with a needle, because there is still some possibility of harm. Treatment should be determined according to the type of disease. If the hormone is low, the hormone has to be taken for life through medicine. If there is an excess of hormones, it is treated with medicine, radioiodine or surgery, but what stage of the disease will be treated will be decided by a specialist doctor, i.e. a hormone disease doctor, by looking at the level of the disease. T