Precautions in acute kidney injury

There are several kidney diseases that can progress rapidly and cause acute kidney injury. Since the filtration function of the kidneys decreases, it is very important to control the amount of water.

In the initial stage of the disease, the normal amount is 0.03 liters of water per kilogram of body weight. After kidney disease is diagnosed, 0.5-0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight is required. Severe patients need 0.5 grams. In the third, fourth or fifth stage of the disease, the amount of water will be determined according to the doctor's advice according to the GFR.

Causes of acute kidney injury:
Infection: Any serious infection can put stress on the kidneys, even if the infection is not in the kidneys.

Dehydration: Severe dehydration will reduce blood flow to the kidneys. If blood flow does not deliver oxygen to the kidneys, the kidneys will not function properly.

Medications: It is important for doctors to know what medications a person is taking, especially painkillers.

Blockage in the flow of urine: Urine is produced in the kidneys and travels down a long, thin tube to the bladder. The bladder then releases urine periodically. A blockage in the drainage tube or bladder can cause acute kidney injury. A blockage can usually be identified through testing.

Surgery: Blood flow to the kidneys can be reduced during surgery. This can lead to acute kidney injury. Before surgery, the doctor will review the patient's medications and may make changes to protect the kidneys.

 

Diet: It is not correct to assume that kidney patients are always forbidden from eating various fruits and vegetables. However, if someone has high potassium levels in their blood or if their kidney GFR is less than 30, they should eat less potassium-rich foods.

 

1) Coconut water, bananas, dates, dried fruits, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, spinach, and fruit juices are high in potassium.
2) Fruits like apples, guavas, grapes, pears, jams, and watermelons are relatively low in potassium. These fruits can be eaten in moderation.
3) Vegetables should be boiled and cooked after draining the water.
4) Avoid excess salt in food.
5) If the kidney GFR is less than 60, it is better not to consume more than 1,000 grams of calcium per day. It is necessary to check the levels of calcium and vitamin D in the blood every six months.

 

Suggested by: Dr. Md. Saidul Haque, Assistant Professor, BIRDEM BUHS University Dhaka.